2026, Vol. 8, Issue 1, Part A

author(s)
P Abdul Salam

abstract

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, located strategically in the Bay of Bengal, have played a crucial role in India’s historical, cultural, and geopolitical development. Over the centuries, these islands have witnessed successive phases of colonial exploration, penal settlements, and indigenous resistance, each contributing to the complex narrative of India’s colonial encounter and struggle for freedom. The establishment of the British penal colony and the construction of the Cellular Jail transformed the islands into a site of both oppression and heroism, where countless freedom fighters endured imprisonment and sacrifice. Simultaneously, the islands were home to diverse indigenous communities whose histories and cultures predate colonial contact, offering a vital perspective on resilience and adaptation in the face of external forces.

During the Second World War, the occupation by Japanese forces and the brief hoisting of the Indian national flag under the leadership of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose further enhanced the islands’ symbolic and strategic significance in India’s fight for independence. Today, landmarks such as Chatham Island, Ross Island (Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island), Viper Island, Cellular Jail, Bhalidhan Vedi, Clock Tower, and Japanese Bunkers stand as tangible reminders of this layered past. Beyond their historical and touristic appeal, these sites embody narratives of endurance, sacrifice, and national identity. This paper traces the historical trajectory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, examines their contribution to the broader process of nation-building, and evaluates their continuing relevance within the framework of India’s contemporary cultural memory and geopolitical discourse.